Debt Management Plan: How a DMP Works

Paying off debt is no easy feat — and often, it can feel like you’ll never come out on top. It is possible, though. With smart debt management strategies or, in some cases, professional debt help, you can pay off those balances — and possibly even sooner than you think.

Here’s what you need to know about debt management and how it can get your financial life back on track.

What Is Debt Management?

At its broadest, debt management refers to keeping your debts under control — paying them on time, avoiding too-high balances, and eventually paying those balances off.

It can also refer to a specific type of debt relief called a debt management plan, or DMP. Credit counselors use this type of debt repayment tool to help consumers pay off their debts within a specific time frame. We’ll go more into debt management programs later on.

What Is a Debt Management Plan?

Debt management plans, also called debt management programs, are offered through consumer credit counseling agencies. At their most basic, they help you streamline your debt payoff strategy and eliminate your debts within a specific window — usually two or three years, depending on how much debt you have.

Here’s a how debt management plan works: 

• You agree to stop using your credit cards and credit lines and avoid opening any new accounts until your debt management program is complete. You will probably be required to close most or all of your cards.
• Your credit counselor works with your unsecured creditors, like credit card issuers, to negotiate lower interest rates on your debts. Sometimes, the creditor may waive certain fees or agree to re-age your accounts (bring them current and stop reporting them as late to credit bureaus).
• You make a monthly payment into the plan. Your counselor distributes this payment among your creditors

Being in a DMP does not directly affect your credit – neither your creditors nor your credit counselor reports that to credit bureaus. However, your score could improve if a creditor re-ages your account. And it could temporarily drop when you close accounts because you’ll have less available credit. If you successfully pay off your debt, however, your financial health and credit scores should increase in the long run.

Fees for debt management plans vary. If you use a nonprofit credit counseling agency or have limited income, the services may be free. In other cases, you may owe a set-up fee and a small monthly fee while you’re on the DMP. 

Alternative Debt Management Strategies

Not everyone needs a DMP. If you have sufficient income and a decent credit rating, you may have other options. The first step to managing your debts is to understand the big picture: How much do you owe, what are the monthly payments, when is each payment due, and what interest rate are you paying?  

List all of your debts (spreadsheets are good for this) so you can view them all at once. Include the creditor’s name, the current balance, the interest rate, the monthly payment, and the monthly due date for each. If it’s a loan with a set term, include that too. From there, you should:

Create a budget 

Smart budgeting is key to paying down debts. To begin, tally up your total monthly after-tax income. Then, list your monthly expenses, including rent, groceries, insurance, eating out, minimum debt payments, utilities, entertainment, etc. Next, separate the necessities and minimum debt payments from the nonessentials. 

Use past bank statements to determine how much you’re spending in each category. Financial experts generally recommend spending no more than 50% of your income on necessities, 30% on nonessentials, and putting 20% into your savings or repaying debts. Do you fall within those thresholds? If not, look for ways to cut back. (You might even be able to eliminate an expense entirely by cutting cable or taking public transit, for example). If you can reduce expenses somewhere, commit to putting those extra dollars directly toward clearing your debts. 

Ultimately, you should come out with a good idea of what you can spend and what you should have left each month to pay off debt faster. If your income or your expenses change, revisit your budget and recalibrate it. (You might want to do this every few months just to be safe anyway).

A quick tip: If you’re not a fan of manual budgeting, you can also use an app to help you stay on track. Mint, YNAB, Stash, and Personal Capital are just a few examples of budgeting apps that can help you manage your money and start paying down debt more effectively. You connect them to your checking account and they automatically track what you spend and can alert you if you blow through your budget.

Accelerate repayment

You’ll next need to determine which debts to prioritize. Consumers typically choose the snowball method, which focuses on your smallest debt first, or the avalanche method, which directs you to pay off the debt with the highest interest rate first.

With the snowball method, you get small wins that keep you motivated, while the avalanche method saves the most interest. The right option depends on how much debt you have, your interest rates, and how motivated you are to pay down your debts. 

Keep in mind: You’ll need to keep making minimum payments on all your debts no matter which strategy you choose. You will put all your extra dollars toward either your highest-interest debt (avalanche) or smallest-balance loan (snowball). 

Set up auto-payment or reminders

Once you determine which debts to prioritize, set up auto payments with your creditors. Doing so will ensure that 1) you stick to your plan for repaying those debts and 2) you’re never late on a payment (which can hurt your credit score).

If you’re worried about not having enough cash in the bank to cover the auto payments, set up payment reminders instead. You can use Google Calendar or set an alarm on your phone for a certain date and time each month. Be sure to include the amount you’re sending each creditor to be safe.

Rearrange your debt

You might also think about rearranging your debt to make it easier or more affordable to pay off. 

Rearranging your debt might look like this:

• Debt consolidation: Consolidating your debts means using a loan to pay off all your balances, essentially rolling them into a single one. The new loan should have better terms like a lower interest rate or payment.
• Debt refinancing: Refinancing means taking a new loan to pay off an existing one. The new loan should have better terms like a lower interest rate or more time to repay the balance. 
• Balance transfer cards: With a balance transfer card, you can transfer one or more credit card balances to a new one with zero interest. You’d want to pay off the balance before the 0% interest rate expires (usually in six to 24 months). 
• Home equity products: If you’re a homeowner, you might use a home equity loan, HELOC, or cash-out refinance to pay off your debts. This strategy is often beneficial because mortgage products have lower interest rates than most loans and credit cards.

If you’re considering one of these strategies, you may want to consult a financial advisor first to ensure it’s the right move for your situation. 

Get professional help 

Finally, if you’re really struggling to pay off your debt, seek professional help — and don’t wait too long to do it. If you fall behind on payments or your accounts go into collections, it can be much more challenging to get back on track and pay them off. Reach out to a credit counselor or debt relief professional as soon as you feel you’ve lost control.